International strategic management Individual assignment Essay

Global vital administration Individual task - Essay Example In any case, before diving into the more profound point of view of the said theme, investigating the historical backdrop of law based legislature of Russia just as its consideration to the G8, and how G8 was framed, is something essential to never really evaluate the ability of the said nation to lead in a lofty and significant gathering, for example, the G8. Likewise, there are the individuals who question the capacity of G8 as some have asserted that Russia has still remainders of socialists' belief system which is in opposition to the goals of G8. For this situation, there are the individuals who guarantee that the nation's steadfastness to G8 is still being referred to as there are as yet draping issues with respect to the nation, and along these lines the nation should initially orchestrate its inward issue before wandering into such issue. On the off chance that we are to manage history, the nation has drawn in into cold war with the United States and different nations. This was because of the choice of the previous Soviet Union to have a communist/socialist government in the previously mentioned nation. This made USSR occupied with a long-tern monetary rest on exchange, speculations and other related undertakings which denied the nation of appreciating a few financial advantages and global tie-ups concerning exchange and ventures. Be that as it may, in 1991, the nation has encountered a huge change... The changes promptly crushed the expectations for everyday comforts of a great part of the populace, particularly the gatherings reliant on Soviet-time state endowments and government assistance privilege programs. Through the 1990s, Russia's GDP fell by 50 percent, tremendous segments of the economy were cleared out, disparity and joblessness developed significantly, while wages fell. Hyperinflation cleared out a great deal of individual investment funds, and a huge number of Russians were dove into neediness. In August 1991, Yeltsin won universal approvals for giving himself a role as a democrat and resisting the August overthrow endeavor of 1991 by firm stance Communists. In any case, he left office generally detested as a frantic, sickly despot among the Russian populace. As president, Yeltsin's origination of the administration was profoundly despotic. Yeltsin either went about as his own head administrator (until June 1992) or designated men of his decision, paying little mind to parliament. His showdowns with parliament peaked in the October 1993 Russian protected emergency, when Yeltsin called up tanks to shell the Russian White House, impacting out his adversaries in parliament. Later in 1993, Yeltsin forced another constitution with solid presidential forces, which was affirmed by choice in December The said move was esteemed by the Russian as the beginning of the new day for them as they have seen a few speculators and exchange understandings which helped the economy of the said nation. Be that as it may, in 1998, the nation has encountered destruction of the economy in accordance with the monetary emergency on the planet. This incited Yeltsin to delicate his acquiescence just before New Year in 1999. Vladimir Puttin succeeded the pioneer and has

Research about smoking habit Essay

Smoking is associaated with an expanded by and large mortality. It was perceived right off the bat in the zone of indutrilized cigaratte creation and mass use. Smokers will regularly says that they are not dependent on cigarrate. They thinl of smoking propensity , which they can control and contai and would have the option to stop whenever. The meaning of smoking is the way , the demonstration of smoking tobacco or different subtances. As indicated by history of smokers , tobacco or experimentally call necotine is a home grown plant .The natural plant is about 1.8 meters high . it has huge leaf around 30 centimeters . The motivation behind why , smoking is addictive becouse of it contain nicotine , a subtances that given to monkeys ,rodents, pooches will accelerate substance reliance . Cigarrattes firsts delivered by Julep Cigarattes , and advertised by the Julep Cigarattes Company of Boston and Hahira around 1935 , afterwards by Pen Tobacco Company lastly atound !958 By Brown and Williamson . A business cigarattes fabricating plant was worked in Harira, Georgia in 1962 . At the point when the industrial facility initially opened , it produced ‘’ Osteen ‘’ cigarattes until the downturn hit in 1929. After the couple of years , the manufacturing plant shut and all cigarattes making hardware was expelled . Clearing represents one out of each five passing in Malaysia . It is the most significant modifiable reason for sudden passing , capable every year for an expected 120 000 years of potential life lost. Around 10 000 Malaysians kick the bucket every year becouse of smoking ( Tobacca 2003 ). As per the World Health Organization ( WHO ) , there are about4.9 millions tobacco related passings every year . This fegure makes tobacco utilize the main source of preentable passing on the planet . From 4.9 millions tobacco relateds demise , 1.1 millions accur in the south east asia area , which is the biggest maker of tobacco and tobacco items . The greatest increment in desease are in India . In the western Pacific Region, 62 percent of men and six percent of ladies smoking , leaving hte greater part of non smokers presented to recycled smoke ( WHO/WPRO , 2004 ) . The greatest Increse in tobacco related illness are normal in China , where an expected a few millions demise will accur by 2020 ( WHO/WPRO , 2004 ). The Easten Madeteranian Region ( EMRO ) isn't a long way from the present patterns in China . Egypt has an ascent in all tobacco related malignancy including lung disease which contributes more than 90 percent of all demise . Cigarretes smoking is a hazard factor for stroke passing . It is notable that cegirattes smoking is related with an incresed danger of cardiovascular infection . manyepidemiological concentrates in Western populitions have distinguished smoking as an autonomous hazard factor for stroke and this affiliation has olso been found . Anyway , epidemiological information with respect to the connection among smoking and stroke in Japanese individuals living in Japan stay uncertain . Interestingly , anyway , tobacco utilization as of late been ascending in creating contries including Malaysia . The prevalance of smoking among Malaysians grown-up matured 15 years or more had expanded from 21 percent in 1985 to 31 percent in 2000 .Some 49 percent are on the whole grown-up guys and 5 percent of every grown-up female are presently present smokers . 1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT Individuals are getting substantially more sensetive to the smoking issues . In Malaysia , these are around 5 million smokers devouring a normal of 14 cigarattes every day ( tobacco 2003 ) . Shockingly , the quantity of hte smokers is excessively enormous. It will significantly increase the following three decades from 10 000 million out of 1998 to 30 000 millions constantly 2030. For whatever length of time that smoking is genuinely dificult propensity to mouth , not very many smokers can prevail in their attemts to stop . Different contries have demonstrated that social insurance proffesionals can assume a functioning job in helping smokers to break liberated from their tobacco habit through an appropriately arganized smoking suspension proframs. In any case , smoking likewise will influences the non smokers individual who bestfirend with them . The porpose of this investigation is to comprehend smoking propensity for UNISEL ( University Selangor ) . This examination will help the chief to makeâ decision about smoking arounf the grounds . the goeverment is embraced genuine ( hostile to smoking effort ) arounf Malaysia however the outcome is demoralizing . This shows not every person is worried about their sound way of life . The insights uncovered that around eight percent of the evaluated 4.6 millions smokers in Malaysia were understudies . It is around 50 to 60 youngsters began smoking a day . As indicated by article Jasudason 2005 , the goverment had distributed RM20 millions every year for the following year for the following ten years for the counter smoking efforts to demonstrate its dedication the checks the smoking propensities among Malaysians . 1.3 RESEARCH OBJECTIVE This exploration is regarding why the cigarette smoking is well known among the young people. The reseacher knows that smoking is a significant preventable reason for unexpected passing . It doesn't just compromise youthful people’s currrent and future wellbeing yet olso over the world a face a similar issue nothing can change their observation . The target of the exploration are :- 1. To discover why understudies engaged with smoking at youthful age. 2. To comprehend what understudy consider smoking. 3. To know level of understudy who are engaged with cigarattes smoking. 1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY A significant purpose behind complete this examination is to give a comprehension on the effect of smoking . The centrality of this exploration is to show how, why understudy are engaged with smoking . This examination will give usefull data to strategy producers of the college for finding a way to lessen episodes of smoing in grounds. This olso will by understanding the propensities , increasingly powerful enemy of smoking effort ought to be arranged and propelled adequately . Other than , this examination will give usefull data that will assist with beating smoking propensities in UNISEL understudy 1.5 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY This examination constrained to the review of understudies in the Diploma Business Management under Faculty Of Business in UNISEL just . This is a result of monetary constraint and time contraints. 1.6 THE TIMESCLASE OF THE RESEARCH Date Subtleties 30/10/14 Writing Review Network overviews of the regions Plan the polls Collection of official and informal measurement 1/11/14 first meeting member perception of the zone 2/11/14 Field work Meeting the smokers 10/11/14 Field work 2st meeting member perception of the zone 7/11/14 Investigation of the information acquired from the field work 8/11/14 Compose the proposition 1.7 RESEARCH QUESTION 1. What is the level of understudy In Diploma Business Management in UNISEL Shah Alam who smoker? The level of understudies who smokers is %. 2. What is the proportion of smoker among male and female understudy? The proportion of the smoker among male and female understudies is and out of respondents. 3. What is the normal number and cigarette that understudy smoke? As indicated by table 1.1 shows the normal number of understudy smoker every day is between 5 †15 sticks thing What number of cigarettes do you smoke every day All out Under 5 sticks 5 †10 sticks 10 †15 sticks 15 †20 sticks In excess of 20 sticks Are you smoker indeed check % of Total 100 % 4. The measure of cash goes through on smoking each month. The measure of cash they have spend on smoking cigarettes consistently is RM for every individual. Alluding to the going through cash of the week, the respondents for the most part spend about not exactly RM . 5. Of those smoke, what is the level of understudy who attempted to stopâ smoking? The level of understudies who attempted to quit smoking is about % of them. Section 2 LITERATURE REVIEW The way toward building up the capabilities started with a writing survey of other smoking discontinuance workforce abilities. The survey question was What archives are accessible that will help in the advancement of the center skills required for individuals giving proof based treatment of tobacco reliance in New Zealand? The universal discontinuance skills acknowledged by the Association for the Treatment of Tobacco Use and Dependence (ATTUD) 9 in April 2005 were utilized as the beginning stage, with later and progressively explicit writing at that point researched to guarantee capabilities were quantifiable and applicable to New Zealand. An assortment of databases were looked for this audit, utilizing the accompanying inquiry terms: â€Å"smoking cessation†, â€Å"workforce competency†, â€Å"clinical competence†, â€Å"professional competence†, â€Å"competency-based education†, and â€Å"competency†. The databases included: Medline, Emba se, Cinahl, AMED, PsycINFO, PubMed, EBM Reviews †Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, EBM Reviews †Database of Abstracts for Reviews of Effectiveness, EBM Reviews †ASP Journal Club, EBM Reviews †Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Center for Reviews and Dissemination. An assortment of different sources were scanned for data, including the reference arrangements of all acquired articles, key sites, and by approaching key witnesses for important records. All examinations that focussed on smoking discontinuance skills were looked for, independent of study configuration, sort of members, test size, or result measures. Just English language distributions were looked for. The hunt was confined to writing distributed from 2005 onwards, that is, after the worldwide end abilities created by ATTUD were endorsed. The last writing search was finished on 7 March 2007. A story audit of the writing was embraced. Competency developmentâ€A venture group from the University of Auckland’s School of Population Health built up a draft set of smoking suspension abilities dependent on data acquired from: The 2007 New Zealand Smoking Cess

All Hallows Eve

All Hallow’s Eve Happy (belated) Halloween! Although I guess its November now but lets ignore that. This is gonna be a quick post mainly because I half-promised pictures of my friends and I being all dorky and appreciative of Doctor Who, and I still have some other work to finish before sleeping. For the holiday, the MacGregor GRTsGraduate students who are essentially MITs equivalent of Residential Advisorshousemasters, and associate housemasters handed out treats to anyone who stopped by their rooms/apartments between 9-10pm. There were fruit roll-ups, mud cups, cookies shaped like fingers, chocolate covered strawberries, and, of course, mini variety packs of candy. And my friends and I took this opportunity to galavant around our dorm dressed up as a motley crew of 7 characters from Doctor Who plus a Spaceman Spiff, Finn from Adventure Time, a gypsy/Peruvian, and a MIT student (ooh, scary). Our group was very all-inclusive. Anyway, for anyone who is interested, here are some candid shots and group photos of us looking both awesome and silly in front of a TARDIS poster imported from Ukraine (or some other exotic locale that has merchants on Amazon.com). Photocreds to Tobi R. 16 aka our River Song :) (But actually I have a half-unfinished PSET due at 11:45am tomorrow and should probably go without rambling too much. Hope everyone had a wonderful holiday or will be able to take a break this weekend to watch scary movies or dress up for the heck of it or binge eat candy or healthy alternatives like apples and such. Very spoopy, much creppy.) Post Tagged #MacGregor House

Career Development Plan - 2316 Words

Career Development Plan Summary In response to a directive by the County Manager this Career Development Plan is intended to provide information for employee development needed to fulfill five new job categories. The plan calls for an analysis of the new positions and to develop strategies to maximize employee diversity, team performance evaluation, health benefits and incentives, and cost savings training alternatives. The new job descriptions are intended to fulfill all technology needs and cover a wide variety of strengths in order to best serve county and public demands. New Position Descriptions Director of Information Technology (Salary Range $80,387 – $121,545) As a key member of the Information Technology†¦show more content†¦Responsibilities: †¢ Network administration (including backup, security management, user account management, e-mail systems including e-mail web server, internet access, office systems and applications support). †¢ Supports server, network and desktop hardware, software and applications. †¢ Performs technology needs analysis. †¢ Rolls out hardware and software to ensure optimal deployment of resources. †¢ Plans, implements, and supports the network and computing infrastructure plan. Qualifications: †¢ Demonstrated knowledge of Windows servers and desktop products. †¢ Must possess knowledge of setting up remote access for users. †¢ Experienced in administering a 350+ node network including firewalls. †¢ Working knowledge of current communications devices and protocols, server and desktop technologies. Software Analyst (Salary Range $50,467 - $75,893) The Software Analyst position requires strong programming skills and is responsible for reviewing, analyzing and occasionally modifying systems including encoding, testing, and debugging. The position requires at least 7 years of programming experience. A working knowledge of relational databases, web and client-server concepts, and be able to rely on experience and judgment to plan and accomplish goals is a must.Show MoreRelatedCareer Development Plan Summary2267 Words   |  10 Pages Career Development Plan Summary University of Phoenix Today’s economy demands that employers face the challenges that are associated with the economy, internal budget pressures, and a highly competitive business environment. Kudler Fine Foods is owned and operated by Kathy Kudler. She currently manages the business by herself which includes staffing, ordering of merchandise, marketing, and personalized customer service. With visions of growing the business, Kathy is stretched to the extreme andRead MoreCareer Plan For A Career Development Plan1228 Words   |  5 Pages Career Development Plan Vivian Morgan A career development plan will help you improve or maintain your current level of success and prepare for future opportunities. The career development plan will aid in enhancing my personal growth and heighten my career development. Goals or plans give you the push to move forward in life and to seek better skills that lead to top jobs and positions. This plan includes sections for the following process: 1. Assess my current state. Identify goals and objectivesRead MoreCareer Development Plan For A Career Plan2386 Words   |  10 PagesCareer Development Plan The fundamental role of any aspiring professional is the development of a distinctive career plan. Although the development of a career plan may seem simple but it does require careful thoughtful planning and effort. Determining career goals and objectives, allows for the assessment of current skills, talents, and the realistic ability to attain the predetermined goals at the end of the plan. The goals determined in a career plan should be achievable and considered the startingRead MoreCareer Development Plan For A Career Plan2386 Words   |  10 PagesCareer Development Plan The fundamental role of any aspiring professional is the development of a distinctive career plan. Although the development of a career plan may seem simple but it does require careful thoughtful planning and effort. Determining career goals and objectives, allows for the assessment of current skills, talents, and the realistic ability to attain the predetermined goals at the end of the plan. The goals determined in a career plan should be achievable and considered the startingRead MoreCareer Plan For A Career Development1706 Words   |  7 Pagesin coaching and teaching people how to become and remain successful leaders. This is equate to putting the cart before the horse, as students need to first plan on having a successful career before planning on extending their vocation into a formal leadership role in their organization. Hansen and Tovar (2013) suggested that career development, and subsequently becoming a good leader, is a lifelong process that requires the motivation to continue to grow by taking a methodical approach into theirRead MoreCareer Development Plan1719 Words   |  7 PagesRunning Head: Career Development Plan Career Development Plan Part II - Development of a Training and Mentoring Program Chentrell M. Williams, MPA Human Capital Management – HRM 531 University of Phoenix Career Development Plan Part II - Development of a Training and Mentoring Program On February 22, 2005, InterClean, Inc. became a major force in the sanitation industry after acquiring a key competitor, EnviroTech. The company established a new strategicRead MoreCareer Development Plan1537 Words   |  7 PagesCareer Development Plan Part II Training amp; Mentoring Program Leon Stovall University of Phoenix MEMORANDUM FOR CEO InterClean Inc. FROM: Sales Manager SUBJECT: Sales Team Training amp; Mentoring Plan As a result of the recent selection of our new sales team, I have created a training and mentoring plan. I have attached to this memo a training plan which outlines topics such as, new training and mentoring needs, objectives of the program, performance standards, delivery methodsRead MoreCareer Development Plan2558 Words   |  11 PagesCareer Development Plan Summary HRM/531 August 16, 2010 Abstract Career development plans are essential within a successful organization. Career plans allows the organization to both actively manage employee career progression, but also empower the organizations employees with active career management assets. Kudler Fine Foods to maintain sustainable growth and additional success must make an investment in the organizations employees to reach the organizations strategic goals, and objectivesRead MoreCareer Plan For Training And Career Development1384 Words   |  6 PagesThe purpose of this paper is to present a career plan using lessons learned on training and career development. It will reveal various skills, training, and recommendations for work-life balances needed to pursue and achieve career objectives. â€Æ' Individual Career Plan When deciding on a career plan, I think it is most important to list the activities that are of interests to do in service of finding a path that suits you best. For the past few years, I have gone back and forth about what I wantedRead MoreCareer Plan For A Professional Development Plan1109 Words   |  5 PagesProfessional Development Plan The purpose of this professional development plan is to introduce my counselor identity, my plans for professional development, my clinical and academic training schedule and finally my plans for credentialing in the State of Maryland. I am currently seeking an MS in Clinical Mental Health Counseling with an anticipated graduation date of May, 2020. This professional development plan was written on September 27, 2017. Counselor Identity Statement I accept those around

Mice and Men Annotated Bibliography - 855 Words

Sierra Villanueva Mrs. Josà © English II PAP 4th 8 November 2011 Of Mice And Men : An Annotated Bibliography Book Review: Of Mice amp; Men. A Novel Menagerie. Novel Menagerie, 2009. Web. 7 Nov 2011. lt;http://anovelmenagerie.com/2009/02/18/book-review-of-mice-and-men/gt;. The author of this review focuses on the life of Lennie. She sympathizes with the hard times Lennie had to go through as a character. The author describes Lennie to the readers as an innocent, childlike character who is misunderstand by the people surrounding him. She describes Lennie s love for soft things and his wanting of George s approval. The author gives the review from Lennie s point of view and describes George as a rolemodel to Lennie. She†¦show more content†¦He sees Of Mice and Men as a social convention reaching out to more than one type of people. Fullmer supports his ideas with plenty of proof from the book and has an excellent interpretation of the book. Out of all my sources I think Fullmer s review of the book is the most pleasing. Topham, James. Of Mice and Men Review. About. The New York Times Company, 2011Web. 7 Nov 2011. lt;http://classiclit.about.com/od/ofmiceandmensteinbeck/fr/aa_ofmice.htmgt;. Topham focuses mainly on the prejudices displayed in the story. He praises Steinbeck s development of the characters and the friendship between George and Lennie. He agrees that although George and Lennie s dream to have a farm is unreachable their friendship is what makes the story so appealing to readers. Topham relates George and Lennie s troubles to those of the modern day world. He writes how the friendship between the two boys is a shining example of how even though the world is harsh at times, love and friendship can still exist. Topham gives the example of George and Lennie s friendship as support of this idea. Topham emphasizes that there is always an upside to bad times and uses the struggles of the main characters to prove his idea. Topham does not provide any evidence besides George and Lennie s frie ndship to support his ideas and opinion of Mice and Men. While Topham does explainShow MoreRelatedbibliography2066 Words   |  9 Pages Prof. 19 November 2013 Annotated Bibliography of the Criticisms of John Steinbeck’s â€Å" Of Mice Men†. â€Å"John (Ernest) Steinbeck,† â€Å" An overview Of Mice and Men,† â€Å" Steinbeck, Johnson, and the Master/Slave Relationship, â€Å" Reduced to Nothing: Race, Lynching, and Erasure in the Theater Revision of Steinbeck s Of Mice and Men, â€Å" â€Å" Steinbeck s Of Mice and Men (1937). â€Å" Research Abstract: John Steinbeck is best known for The Grapes of Wrath and Of Mice and Men. Kevin Attell writes criticismsRead MoreHello1309 Words   |  6 PagesI also want to talk about how cruelty-free companies are benefiting us as a community. Some of these cosmetic companies have been bringing a lot of assets to the consumers, and even to where the factories are installed. Annotated Bibliography Allen, Arthur. Of Mice Or Men: The Problem With Animal Testing. Slate Magazine. 1 June 2006: Web. 27 Jan. 2016. What brought to my attention about this article is the fact the author is concerned mainly about the effectiveness of animal testing, leavingRead MoreThe Awakening Of The American Dream : The Reality Concealed By Paradise2477 Words   |  10 Pagesâ€Å"[i]ndividualism, freedom, liberty, [and] rights† (Karabell 31). All based on the same desire, but featuring a slight difference. And thus the American dream was formulated by Jefferson’s declaration â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of happiness† (karrabel 42). Jefferson expressed a â€Å"sense of individual self- determination [creating the]

Define the Term Micr Free Essays

Question 1 Define the term MICR and explain what it is. Using a suitable example, discuss how does MICR readers work and what is it used for? Answer: MICR, or Magnetic Ink Character Recognition, is a character recognition technology used primarily by the banking industry to facilitate the processing of cheques and makes up the routing number and account number at the bottom of a cheque. It allows computer to read account number off printed documents. We will write a custom essay sample on Define the Term Micr or any similar topic only for you Order Now Its different and unlike with barcodes or other similar technologies, MICR codes can be easily read by humans. MICR characters usually contain iron oxide. They are printed in special typefaces with a magnetic ink or toner and in the form of either and E-13B or CMC-7 Font. Each font series is made up of a series of numbers and symbols specifically designed for readability on check sorting machines which read and extremely high rates of speed. The machine can always determine what each series of number signifies quickly, due to the symbols provide a beginning and end pint for each group of numbers. Line placement, character placement skew and quality are several critical components of printing MICR; the line must be precisely positioned in the MICR Clear Band area. The use of magnetic printing allows the characters to be read reliably even if they have been overprinted or obscured by other marks, such as cancellation stamps and signature. The magnetic scanning of a typical check has a smaller error rate than with optical character recognition systems. As for well printed MICR documents, the â€Å"can’t read â€Å"rate is usually less than 1% while the misread rate is in the order of 1 per 100,000 characters. A cheque is a suitable example to discuss how MICR readers work and what it is use for does. When a bank receives a check for payment, is uses an MICR inscriber to print the amount of the check in MICR characters in the lower-right corner. The check then is sorted or routed to the customer’s bank, along with thousands of others. Each check is inserted in an MICR reader, which sends the check information – including the amount of the check – to a computer for processing. When you balance your checkbook, verify that the amount printed in the lower-right corner is the same as the amount written on the check; otherwise, your statement will not balance. Some retailers use MICR reader to minimize their exposure to check fraud. Corporations and government agencies also use the technology to speed up the sorting of documents. The banking industry has established an international standard not only for bank numbers, but also for the font of the MICR characters. This standardization makes it possible for people to write checks in other countries. Question 2 Discuss what a laser printer is and how it differs from Thermal Printers. Answer: A laser printer is a high-speed, high quality nonimpact printer. It’s a printer that uses a focused beam or light to transfer text and images on to paper. Though contrary to popular belief, the laser does not actually burn the images on to the paper. The laser beam will fire at the surface of a cylindrical drum called a photoreceptor instead of as a paper passing through the printer. This drum has an typically positive electrical charge, that is reversed in areas where the laser beam hits it. The laser beam is able to print patterns such as text and pictures on to the photoreceptor by reversing the charge in certain areas of the drum. Once the pattern has been created on the drum, it is coated with toner from a toner cartridge. The positively charged toner clings to areas of the drum that have been negatively charged by the laser. The drum is given a strong negative charge which allows the toner to transfer and stick to the paper when the paper is passing through the printer. Laser printers do not use ink therefore they have less smearing problems that ink-jet printers and are able to print pages faster. While laser printers typically cost more that inkjet printers, most laser toner cartridges last longer than ink cartridges, which makes their cost per page is about equal. Based on this reason, businesses tend to use laser printers, while consumers are more likely to use inkjet printers. A thermal printer generates images by pushing electrically heated pins against heat-sensitive paper. Basic thermal printers are inexpensive, but the print quality is low and the images tend to fade over time. Self-service gas pumps often print gas receipts using a built-in lower-quality thermal printer. Many point-of-sale terminals in retail and grocery stores also print purchases receipts on thermal paper. Two special types of thermal printers have high print quality and can print at much faster rates than ink-jet and laser printers. A thermal-wax-transfer printer generates rich, nonsmearing images by using heat to melt colored was onto heat-sensitive paper. Thermal wax-transfer printers are more expensive than many color laser printers. Both printers have advantages and disadvantages; by comparing we are able to differentiate them. The advantages of a laser printer are it is an accessible and efficient office document printer. The document quality is very high, except for barcodes. There are a few disadvantages for a laser printer. It prints labels in sheets and resulting in waste. Its label and wristband adhesives can ooze from fuser and cause jamming. The barcodes require more ink and the toner is driving up the costs. Lastly, output susceptible to toner flaking and smudging. As for thermal printers it has more advantages than a laser printer, such as it is designed specifically for label and wristband printing, print on demand which does not lead to wastage, it is simple to operate and the best part are its durable, it has low maintenance and its does not have toner expenses. The disadvantages of a thermal printer are, for example they cannot print 8 1/2- by 11-inch documents and the printers are not readily available in hospitals today. Referencing List Question 1 – http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Magnetic_ink_character_recognition – http://www. whatismicr. com/index. html – Pg 281 from Discovering COMPUTERS by Gary Shelly Question 2 – http://www. techterms. com/definition/laserprinter – Pg 321 from Discovering COMPUTERS by Gary Shelly -http://www. datarayusa. com/index. php? option=com_contentamp;view=articleamp;id=52amp;Itemid=70 How to cite Define the Term Micr, Papers

Transactions On Embedded Computing Systems â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Transactions On Embedded Computing Systems? Answer: Introducation There are no algorithms which limits the concurrency before the occurrence of deadlock.This is the process in which deadlock is not prevented rather it is a process in which process requests for a resource and make it wait in an uncontrolled manner. The detection technique is similar for both disturbed and centralized systems. Detection algorithm becomes more simple if a wait-for-graph is maintained and search for cycle is done (Kimura Graefe and Kuno 2012). Since the algorithms depend on the runtime checks and not on the static restrictions. The effects of the algorithms after the occurrence of the deadlocks are harder to characterize that is if they allow lot of concurrency (enhance in some cases). Initially the computation may not be longer sensual or efficient (KimuraGraefe and Kuno 2012). Collective request is a method which involves denial of hold and wait condition by ensuring that if a resource is requested by a process then the process does not hold any other resource. Bankers algorithm and ordering of resources: There is a restriction of the computation as the algorithms causes unnecessary waiting than the previous one. Unsafe allocation (a proper superset of deadlock-producing allocations) is prevented by the bankers algorithm and the allocation is restricted by the resource ordering making the threads to have fewer option if to wait or not (Agrawal, Botlagunta and Srinivasulu 2013). This process involves denial of circular wait thereby assigning each resource a unique global number which in turn is used for imposing total ordering of all resource types. Reserving of all resources in advance: This algorithm is less pathological than the worst ones as this provides less concurrency than the previous two. By the process of reserving all resources in advance makes the threads to wait longer blocking the other threads while working. Initially, making the system-wide execution more linear (Agrawal, Botlagunta and Srinivasulu 2013). Methods of avoidance includes the use of some advanced knowledge for the usage of process to predict the future state of the system to avoid the allocations that can lead to a state of deadlock.it is important to read the safety notices of the resource allocation as the algorithms for deadlock avoidance are based on the concept of weather the state is safe or unsafe. A safe state is something which means that the system is not facing any deadlock. Avoidance is a technique in which the resource allocation is done in such a way that the system always remains in a safe state (Nazeem and Reveliotis 2012). Restarting of all the resources and releasing of threads if needed: Since the concurrency will be useless repetition making the algorithm strangest. This happens because there remains a competition for execution time between the threads. The advancing of useful thread is also prevented (Giachino, Kobayashi and Laneve 2014). If a system faces deadlock, then it is not only important to apply the detection and recovery strategy for handling deadlock but also it should be made sure that the system is able to recover from the state of recovery (Huang Pan and Su 2013). The following can be used: The simplest way is to inform the operator about the deadlock and let the operator handle the situation manually. Another way is the termination of the processes to reclaim the resources held by the processes. The final method is the checking of the processes periodically so that whenever there exists a state of deadlock the process is rolled back to a point where the resource was not allocated to the process. Depending on the definition of concurrency this algorithm provides a doubtful distinction which means it allows both the most and the least amount of concurrency (Geetha and Sreenath 2013). Ranking according to efficiency: The deadlock handling algorithms in terms of efficiency are listed below ranking from the most-efficient to least efficient: Advance reserving of all the resource and ordering sequence of the resource: This algorithm does not involve any runtime overhead which initially makes this the most efficient type of algorithm (Liu et al. 2015). This result is based on the same static restriction which makes this algorithm rank last in terms of concurrency. Bankers algorithm, detection and killing of threads and releasing the resources: These type of algorithms performs a roughly equivalent runtime check upon the allocations. A search is made on the number of threads and allocations by the bankers algorithm to verify the safety. A cycle-detection search is made by the deadlock detection on the length of the resource dependent chains. Number of threads, number of resources and number of allocations bound the resource dependent chains (Kimura Graefe and Kuno 2012). Roll back threads actions and detect deadlock: This algorithm perform the same runtime check as that of previous one but entails a logging cost which is in the number of memory writes performed (Agrawal, Botlagunta and Srinivasulu 2013). Restart of threads and releasing of all the resources if threads need to wait: Mainly two reasons make this algorithm inefficient. Firstly, this algorithm has a low probability of completing as the threads run the risk of restarting. Second of all there is a competition between other restarting threads for finite execution time making the entire system advance towards slow completion (Geetha and Sreenath 2013). Dinning philosopher problem is the problem associated with computer science used for solving the concurrent algorithm designswhich illustrates the synchronizing issues and techniques. According to the problem, it can be selected that the number of philosophers sitting in the chair are four (it is an even number). Now if the number of spoons available is five then, after selecting the left spoon, one of the philosophers will have an option of selecting the right spoon. This implies that one of the philosophers will be able to start eating at stage of the dinner. This makes the deadlock prevention more efficient. In case of number of spoons are also four, then the solution will be as following: References: Agrawal, S., Botlagunta, M.D. and Srinivasulu, C., 2013. A total need based resource reservation technique for effective resource management.International Journal of Computer Applications,68(18). Geetha, V. and Sreenath, N., 2013. Preventing deadlocks and starvation in distributed object oriented systems.Computers Electrical Engineering,39(2), pp.582-595. Giachino, E., Kobayashi, N. and Laneve, C., 2014, September. Deadlock analysis of unbounded process networks. InInternational Conference on Concurrency Theory(pp. 63-77). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. Huang, Y.S., Pan, Y.L. and Su, P.J., 2013. Transition-based deadlock detection and recovery policy for FMSs using graph technique.ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS),12(1), p.11. Kimura, H., Graefe, G. and Kuno, H.A., 2012. Efficient locking techniques for databases on modern hardware. InADMS@ VLDB(pp. 1-12). Liu, H., Xing, K., Wu, W., Zhou, M. and Zou, H., 2015. Deadlock prevention for flexible manufacturing systems via controllable siphon basis of Petri nets.IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems,45(3), pp.519-529. Nazeem, A. and Reveliotis, S., 2012. Designing compact and maximally permissive deadlock avoidance policies for complex resource allocation systems through classification theory: The nonlinear case.IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control,57(7), pp.1670-1684.

Art in the Modern World essays

Art in the Modern World essays Confusion or Understanding ...That All Depends Modern art can either bring unity and coherence into a fragmented modern world by introducing something that other human institutions fail to do, or it can present tragedy and suffering in an unforgiving light, adding more confusion to the situation. Modernist writers like W.H. Auden seemed to try to uphold the idea that works of art can and should provide unity, coherence, and meaning. Yet, with the evolvement of modernism in the 1930s and 1940s, Dylan Thomas tended to present tragic situations in his poems, often giving way to more disjoint and uncertainty. As major figures in the progressive modernization of literature, both Auden and Thomas moved away from apparent objectivity, a theme once standardized by previous literary figures, and toward subjectivity. While other writers of the era conveyed modern ideas in form and style, such as William Faulkners multiple narrators and stream-of-consciousness format displayed in The Sound and Fury, Thomas and Auden radiated modern tho ught through their ideas and subject matter. Both Thomass The Hunchback in the Park and Audens Musee des Beaux Arts send a clear message to the reader that art can exist in the modern world; however, for each poet, it exists in two entirely different manners. For Thomas, modern art moves away from plain objectivity and towards impressionism and subjectivity, often leaving the reader engrossed in confusion and disjoint. In contrast, Audens idea of art in the modern world surfaces as an attempt to bring unity and coherence into an otherwise fragmented, suffering modern world. It is all too common for modern literary works from the 1930s and 1940s to exude human suffering, and Thomass The Hunchback in the Park is no different. Thomas opens a window into one mans world, letting the reader get a glimpse of a hunchbacks daily life li...

Answers to Questions About Abbreviations

Answers to Questions About Abbreviations Answers to Questions About Abbreviations Answers to Questions About Abbreviations By Mark Nichol Responses to some reader queries about abbreviation issues follow. 1. Which is the preferred abbreviation for â€Å"United States,† US or U.S.? Both forms are correct, but, in the interests of consistency with the decline of the use of periods in abbreviations, the trend is to use US. (Note that the abbreviation should be used only as an adjective, not as a noun: â€Å"She was born in a US territory,† but not â€Å"She was born in the US.†) 2. When one abbreviates states, should there be any punctuation after, say, TX? And are both the T and the X capitalized? The short form of state names based on US Postal Service usage and technically considered a symbol rather than an abbreviation omits periods, and both letters are capitalized. However, the symbol should be used only when listing an address or in a chart or other graphic element where space is at a premium. Newspaper style is to abbreviate according to The Associated Press Stylebook (for example, Tex.), but in many other periodicals and in most books, state names are usually spelled out in regular text. 3. I am teaching a business-writing course, and I want to know how to approach terms like SOP or any other abbreviation. Does one say â€Å"an SOP† or â€Å"a SOP†? I guess the same would apply to â€Å"getting a MA† or â€Å"getting an MA.† Because we pronounce each letter in these terms (â€Å"ess-oh-pee† and â€Å"em-ay†), rather than treating them as words (â€Å"sop† and â€Å"mah†), the first sound determines whether we use a or an when we speak or write the abbreviation. As with other words starting with the â€Å"ess† sound (especially or essential, for example), we precede SOP with an. The same goes for MA, just as in, say, eminent or embellishment. Testing phrases vocally is usually reliable (an seems easier to say before these terms than a does), though there are exceptions: â€Å"An historic occasion† is easier for me, at least to say than â€Å"a historic occasion,† though an is â€Å"wrong.† See this post for more information. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Yours faithfully or Yours sincerely?7 Patterns of Sentence StructureParataxis and Hypotaxis

Employment Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Employment Law - Essay Example For years the clothing industry had been trying to build a union for employees in the industry. Now that the company was going public and Clark’s company had 100 employees, the representatives from the union approached Ms. Clark to seek permission to contact the company employees. While this was not really necessary, they did it out of respect for Ms. Clark. When Ms. Clark was summoned by her CEO and the board of directors, she meticulously related the law’s stand on the matter of unions and their rights to contact employees. Unions and collective bargaining agreements rightly cite that any statement or any policy which creates any form of inference of barring a worker or even a union representative from being part of a labor union is illegal under law. Therefore, Ms. Clark can press charges on her employers for trying to blackmail her into ceding to their demands and whims of stopping workers from joining the labor union. Under law, cited by the yellow dog contract, workers must refrain from agreements by employers that require them to make pacts not to join unions in the future or in order to retain their employments. Such pacts or agreements are illegal. As a matter of fact they have been illegal since 1932. The retirement package that was presented to Ms. Was not complete as required by law. The package did not extend the normal retirement benefits and did not extend insurance coverage, or even pay her social security as required until the age of 59. Additionally, the package did not even offer her buy-out-funds. The retirement package presented by the company reeks of age discrimination on Ms. Clark. She fits the age bracket which is above 40 years. The Age Discrimination Act protects from such dismissal as that of Ms. Clark because the reason she was dismissed is not clear. She does her work well but when she decides to grant access to the union representatives she is dismissed for refusing to accept a flawed retirement package. Under this

The love-song of J.Alfred Prufrock Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The love-song of J.Alfred Prufrock - Essay Example He also preferred the epigraphy because of its immediacy in conveying his message of troubled being in a merciless world. However, the epic form echoes largely in successive stanzas the internal struggles affecting Prufrock as an individual. In other words, he has random thoughts that are vividly communicated in each stanza. Likewise, certain stanzas possess the use of free verse to connote Elliot’s deliberate usage of the technique as a means of breaching literary standards. He, for instance, notes in the third stanza â€Å"In the room the women come and go/Talking of Michelangelo† to portray a defiance of regular structure (Elliot 1). Additionally, it is a deeper manifestation of communicating differently. This poetic technique is supported by the poet’s use of a blank verse where there are no commas, semicolons, or hyphens at the end of every line. A blank verse makes the poem irregular and unmetered and, thus, spontaneous in the message it is intended for its audience. Likewise, Elliot employs the use of allusion in his poem as a ploy to create emphasis and achieve a lasting rhythmic effect. For example, the poet alludes to the Greek Poet Hesiod in line 29 when observes that â€Å"Time for all the works and days of hands (Elliot 2).† Another aspect of allusion is noted in line 52 when the poet makes references to the Twelfth Night by Shakespeare. Overall, it the allusions are meant to strengthen the imagery found in each stanza. On that perspective, imagery is a demonstration of the need to build realistic images of the plight and internal struggles affecting the persona in the poem. It is also meant to establish a link between comprehending the poet’s thought structure and the intended message for the audience. Use of repetition, on the other hand, is notable with the word ‘And’ to denote the urge to take a certain action successively in the

Constructability And The Safe Design Principles Construction Essay

Constructability And The Safe Design Principles Construction Essay Constructability Safe Design Principles serves as a preliminary process to provide Parsons Engineers, and the Construction Management Engineers an easy methodology to identify constructability issues hazards that are likely to arise in the erection process and provide reasonable design features to preclude potential peril in the design phase of the Arabian Canal Project Infrastructure. The process provides practical information to Parsons Design Engineers to assist them in identifying constructability issues hazards of equipment and systems used in the construction of the Arabian Canal Project Infrastructure. It offers practical principles that can be applied to control additional constructability issues hazards found on the building site, in structural components, and from materials, processes, and procedures employed during construction and maintenance. This process is for developing the skills of Parsons Engineers to control many kinds of constructability issues hazards at th e time of design or before work begins on site to achieve optimal constructability and safety throughout the construction process and the life cycle of the Arabian Canal Project Infrastructure. International studies have concluded that approximately sixty (60%) percent of all fatal accidents in construction arise from faulty design or insufficient planning. While the exact percentage remains the subject of debate and discussion, a number of this magnitude challenges those who manage the process of design to save lives and money simply by application of improved engineering practices. Such perspective should be a revelation to Parsons Engineers who are accustomed to view the majority of accidents in the construction industry as attributable to the routine chaos of the construction site. To do so would focus more on prevention than ever before. The objective of this process is to develop and/or expand engineering principles of constructability safer design for construction and the life cycle of the Arabian Canal Project Infrastructure. To accomplish this task we shall draw from four pioneering approaches to constructability safer design. These approaches which form the corn erstone of modern system safety engineering principles are the following: Eliminate the hazard if possible, or; Provide guarding to prevent contact with the hazard, and; Provide safety factors to minimize the hazard, and; Provide redundancy to confine the hazard. All four applications necessarily involve highly focused Parsons Engineers. Though these principles have been extended, there is still no methodology to simplify these principles and incorporate them into a simple methodology. Start of the process develops methodology for identifying constructability issues hazards then matching the issue or hazard with design features and/or safety appliances for the prevention of the hazard. This will highlight the role of the Parsons Engineer as a designer. When the Parsons Engineer places emphasis on constructability hazard prevention by designing out the hazards inherent to construction processes, products, or facilities, the circumstances that produce construction interferences injuries will be drastically reduced. The second section provides the Parsons Engineer with a system for identifying hazards with an insight into the nature of hazards and guidance that categorizes the hazards into manageable groups. Specific identification of the different types of hazards in the design stage streamlines the hazard elimination process by providing guidelines to determine general control measures. This process will provide Parsons Engineers with easy principles of system safety adaptable to design and constructability that ensure for the elimination and control of hazards. Then it will provide a method to quantify the ability of design improvements to prevent injury, death, and damage in terms of reliability. For instance, before a construction project even begins, the construction manager faces the potential constructability issues and hazards of faulty design by the architect, defective design of the equipment that must be used, and hazards within the construction site or property. To successfully control constructability issues and hazards during the project, these obstacles and hazards must be identified and addressed during design and planning stages. This process distills system safety methodology into five principles that focus on hazard identification, isolation, and control through constructability, innovative technology and applied science. A design matrix provides a check sheet to ensure potential loss exposures have been identified and controlled before the design has left the drafting room. Practical application of this method eliminates or controls potential constructability issues and hazards. In a world of exponential increases in technology, Parsons Engineers have new and exciting options available to them. Parsons Engineers who can think outside the box will find many opportunities to re-engineer products using new materials and informational devices in a way that produces a constructible and safer product or process. Constructability Safety In-Design Compliance Procedure Engineering Department Procedure Constructability Safety In-Design Compliance Program Parsons Constructability Safety-in-Design (CSID) program is an ongoing implementation and confirmation effort relating to a projects safety requirements. Parsons CSID approach evaluates and resolves hazard analysis relating to the mitigation of personnel and public hazards in a facilitys construction and operation, adherence to code requirements, and beneficial safe design practices. The Parsons CSID process begins with implementing the Constructability Safety-In-Design Compliance Procedure and supported by the Parsons Constructability Safety In Design Process Guide. The Parsons comprehensive Constructability Design for Safety Training Process ensures the project staff fully understands the CSID processes and continually works to ensure complete implementation. The CSID review committee will be tasked with completing the Constructability reviews. The Parsons Constructability review is a review of the plans and specifications to check for build ability and bid ability. When reviewing for build ability, Parsons checks for the completeness of the drawings. This includes a cross-check between the various disciplines (electrical, mechanical, architectural, structural, plumbing, civil, and landscaping, etc.) to coordinate pipeline sizes locations, power capacities, road and bridge layout and sizing, and other major components that are essential to build the infrastructure. Additionally, there may be dimensional errors in calculating radius building plots that impact structural steel, site concrete, light bollards, and landscape. Critical dimensions are reviewed to prevent building delays, bidding errors and to ensure the complete project is capable of being under written for insurability. When checking for bid ability, Parsons Constructability R eview Team performs an extensive review of details, notes, sections, elevations, site plans and specifications. As in any contract, the best contract is without ambiguity, error, conflict, and leaves little to interpretation. This review crosschecks the use of detail references and confirms consistent use of building finishes to specifications and other plan details. The work product of the review is a list of comments and a marked-up set of the plans and specifications to be reviewed by the project stake holders. The list of comments is created using the Parsons Constructability Assessment Register so the list can be modified and prioritized by other team members. (It also serves as a checklist to confirm the incorporation of the comments to the documents before going to bid.) A standard procedure to mark-up the drawings with changes is established. For example, green pen will be used to highlight question areas, orange pen will be used if the question is answered as the review continues, blue pen will be used to make corrections, and yellow pen to verify the information was input into the Constructability Assessment Register. Using this standard mark-up policy, the constructability team can clearly show all stake holders the process of how each comment was generated. Additionally, the incorporation of a change is easier to compare the marked-up sheet to the existing design. After the plans and specifications have been marked-up, each comment will be input into the Parsons Initial Hazard Evaluation Register. The process of inputting the information is not just a clerical process, but also a final pass of the plans and specifications. Often additional comments are generated or questions are answered. Once the comments are inputted, the Parsons Constructability Review Team will prepare a narrative explaining the format of the comments and the general outcome of the review. The constructability report (the narratives and comments) will be forwarded to the stakeholders and a meeting scheduled to review the comments. The opportunities to create safer workplaces are most cost effective when captured in the earliest phases of the lifecycle of designed products or processes. The most effective risk control measure eliminating the hazard is often cheaper and more practical to achieve at the design or planning stage, rather than making changes later in the lifecycle when the hazards become real risks to clients, users, employees and businesses. The constructability review will ensure the completed project is insurable, reduce bidders questions, increase the likelihood of competitive bids, reduce RFIs, and change orders and delays during the bid and construction process. It is much easier and less costly to make the changes to the plans and specifications prior to bid, rather than during construction. A constructible safe design approach results in many benefits, including: Prevention of injury and disease, Improved use ability of products, systems and facilities, Improved productivity reduced costs, Better prediction and management of production and operational costs over the lifecycle of a product, Compliance with legislation, Innovation, in that constructible safe design demands new thinking Reducing over all project Increase construction practicality, Eliminates errors and ensures project schedule completion in a timely manner Provides the owner and all stakeholders to have the opportunity to ensure the design is fully acceptable to their standards and expectations Address the life cycle environmental impacts and improves the over all preservation of resources Reduces the life cycle expenses associated with operations and maintenance The lifecycle of a product is a key concept of sustainable and constructible safe design that provides a framework for eliminating the hazards and improving the constructability at the design stage and/or controlling the risk as the infrastructure is: constructed, installed, commissioned, used or operated, maintained, repaired, modified, de-commissioned, demolished and/or dismantled, and disposed of or recycled. The Parsons CSID is a tool to assist designers, engineers, constructors, clients and other key stakeholders to come together to reduce construction, maintenance, repair and demolition safety risks associated with design. Parsons CSID recognizes that a design involves key considerations such as operability, aesthetics and economics with the elements of safety. It also acknowledges that a design process may be determined by many different stakeholders and/or influences. The CSID methodology aims to involve these elements and influences. By proactively considering construction, maintenance, repair and demolition issues, the CSID framework should not only help reduce the number of construction industry incidents, but also assist in improving constructability and reducing the life cycle costs associated with building the infrastructure design project. There is a balance of responsibilities between a designer, a constructor and other relevant stakeholders, such as clients or specialist consultants. It is important that all participants highlight unusual safety risks associated with a design and required construction. As outlined in the Parsons CSID process all those involved should: identify the hazards presented by potential design solutions and consider the risks these hazards will generate for construction workers and others who may be affected by the construction work (e.g. members of the public); include health and safety considerations amongst the design options so that they can avoid the hazards, reduce their impact or introduce control measures to protect those at risk where it is re a s o n a b l y practicable; forewarn the contractor of the residual hazards that have been identified within the design and will need to be managed during the construction work. Eliminating the hazard is the first risk control that should obviously be considered. If the hazard cannot be eliminated (for example eliminating risks associated with maintenance by using aluminum/stainless steel, which requires no regular painting), risk can be minimized by using a series of steps known as the hierarchy of risk control. Including: substituting the system of work or plant with something safer (e.g. pre-assembled equipment at ground level rather than height); modifying the system of work or plant to make it safer (e.g. ensure attachment points for lifting, window cleaning, safety lines, etc.); isolating the hazard (e.g. introduce restricted areas); introducing engineering controls (e.g. prevent falls from buildings during construction/maintenance by increasing wall/edge height). Only when the above constructible and risk control options have been exhausted should consideration (and more importantly reliance) be given to personal protective equipment (e.g. safety harnesses) or adopting administrative controls such as hazard warning signs. Design is the process of considering options. In developing and understanding these options, there is also the ability to improve safety and reduce costs. For example, the costs associated with assembling large scale scaffolding may far exceed the costs associated with alternate design and/or construction materials. Similarly, an emphasis placed on achieving a design that would be safe and efficient to erect, rather than the traditional approach of minimizing steel tonnage, did result in lower project costs. Essentially, given the opportunity to consider the design in a formal and systematic way, a smarter design results and a smarter design invariably leads to a safer design. The following subjects are included in this program: Personnel life safety Safe facility startup Safe facility shutdown Intrinsically safe designs Structural integrity (e.g., seismic, wind, safe loading, equipment support, etc.) Considerations for operating a facility safely Parsons defines project safety requirements as internal or external (Employer) specification, government code, manual, policy, standard, and safe practice that pertains to providing safe and healthful facilities for personnel. The Standard Industry Codes and Standards (or publishers of basic codes and standards), which pertain to safe design practices, will be utilized by the Parsons Design team. The project design team will also include requirements of the Development project objectives and goals, the requirements of Dubai Municipality and its agencies, and other specific Employer requirements or best practices. The Project Manager and Design Manager will be responsible for coordinating and confirming the special constructability and safety requirements for the design elements for the project work. The Project Manager and Design Manager together with the QA/QC manager will verify the appropriate reviews have been performed related to Constructability Safety In Design. The Design Manager will be responsible for establishing the Employer requirements checklists, which include safety-related industry codes/and standards and local/city code requirements. The Design Manager will also direct and coordinate the work of engineers and designers assigned to the project accomplish the Constructability Safety In Design objectives and requirements. Purpose This procedure describes Engineering Department policy for application of the Constructability Safety-In-Design (CSID) Compliance Program. Engineering/design practices and principles contained in this document are intended generally to be applied to all types of facilities during each projects planning and design phase. Constructible Safe design practices rely on the correct use of current basic code requirements, existing design standards, client requirements, and any other known safety considerations that assist in safeguarding against unsafe conditions and help manage unsafe materials and hazardous acts causing illness or bodily harm to workers. Enhances building information modeling and enables design success related to sustainability, security, design-build, risk management, hazard mitigation, insurability and performance-based design. Promotes team building among client, designer and contractor, emphasizing the success of the project instead of the success of the individual, thereby minimizing the commoditization of engineering. Provides ongoing feedback from clients, users, and contractors to the design team, eliminating scope surprises. Reduces total project costs and engineering scope creep, improving profitability. Involves construction expertise in the design phase, identifying field issues and avoiding obstacles, unnecessary construction costs, and lawsuits. Improves the quality of construction documents, minimizing change orders and subsequent post-construction claims. Improves the quality of the next design, incorporating feedback from the field. Figure : Constructability Logic Diagram Definitions Safety As a noun safety shall be understood to mean the condition of being safe from (or causing) harm, injury, or loss. As a verb safety shall be understood to mean protection against failure, breakage, or accident. Constructability Safety In-Design Program Parsons CSID compliance program is an ongoing implementation and confirmation effort relating to a projects constructability safety requirements. Also included are hazard analysis resolutions relating to the mitigation of personnel hazards in a facilitys operation, adherence to code requirements, and safe design practices beneficial to personnel. The following subjects are included in this program. Personnel life safety Safe facility startup Safe facility shutdown Intrinsically safe designs Structural integrity (e.g., seismic, wind, safe loading, equipment support, etc.) Considerations for operating a facility safely Owner/operation procedure supplement Operating sufficiency/redundancy Economic design Ease of maintenance Environmental compliance Construction safety Failure analysis (except for life safety systems) Supplier product/safety responsibilities Safety and Personnel Hazards Typical safety and personnel hazards in operating facilities include, but are not limited to: Fires Explosions Falls Tripping and clearance deficiencies Structural degradation and improperly supported elements Electrical shock Chemical burns and fumes Suffocation Excessive sound levels Use of, and/or exposure to, toxic construction materials (e.g., urethane and asbestos) Toxic materials handling Potable water contamination (e.g., sanitary sewer/process sewer) Radiation nuclear Magnetic fields Use of microwaves Inadequate lighting (eyestrain and darkness) Ergonomic deficiencies (e.g., carpal tunnel syndrome and muscular strain) Materials handling (e.g., overheads, conveyors) Moving machinery parts (e.g. guards, over speed, vibration, emergency stop/lockout) Hazardous spills Moving objects (obstructed vision) Inadequacy of alarms/communication systems Unanticipated structural loading (e.g. large number of people on platforms) Hazard Analysis A hazard analysis is generally intended to identify and examine hazards during all phases of design, construction, and operations, as applicable to the requirements of each project. This analysis includes hazards and operability (HAZOP) studies, what-if evaluations, failure mode and effects analyses (FMEA), and event-tree and fault-tree analyses. Hazard analysis is not a function of the Engineering Department but is handled by others. On some projects, hazard analysis is performed by the client. Constructability Safety Systems Typical Constructability safety systems include, but are not limited to, the following three categories. Monitoring Systems Fire and smoke detection alarms Toxic material sensors and alarms Critical sampling systems Constructability Safety Device Systems (permanent and in-place) Safe electrical voltages near personnel Explosive protection Protective material coverings Adequate exiting and door hardware Shielding Fall protection Ladder clearances and cages Stair handrails, platform handrails, and toe plates Operability of valves Machinery guards Safety color coding Signage Emergency stop switches Equipment-keyed lockout switches Emergency Protection Systems (activated by an incident) Eyewash and safety-shower stations Emergency/exit lighting Emergency communications Emergency alarms Fire sprinklers Emergency exit facilitation devices (e.g., slides) Electrical circuit protection (e.g., circuit breakers and fuses) Constructability Safety In-Design Process Guide Constructability and Safe Design Concepts Specific aims and goals in the beginning of this process address the theories and methodology of constructability, hazard identification and the development of design features to eliminate the obstacles and hazard and/or minimize the probability of constructability and injury or damage failure mode. Constructability and safety engineering should include the process of systematically controlling constructability issues and hazards through design considerations or with the use of safety appliances. Principle One: Definition of a Hazard and Constructability To begin to address constructability safer design principles in construction and the life of the Arabian Canal Project Infrastructure, one must first understand the actual nature of constructability and hazards. A specific definition of constructability and hazards provides the Parsons Engineer with a basis to develop a methodology for planning and evaluating the construction and the life cycle of the Arabian Canal Project Infrastructure process for constructability and safety ensuring for design of constructible, safe systems and equipment. The undertaking of such construction design principles leads to safe operation of a completed facility. What a hazard is in practical terms: Definition: A hazard is an unsafe physical condition that is always in one of three modes- Dormant/Latent (unable to cause harm), Armed (can cause harm), Active (causing injury, death, and/or damage by releasing unwanted energy, substances, biological agents, and or defective computations from computer software. In greater detail, a dormant/latent hazard is a design defect that is susceptible to a failure mode. Foreseeable misuse should also be considered (a kitchen chair may be used to stand on to reach upper cabinets and needs to be sturdy enough to prevent collapse.) The armed hazard is created by a change of circumstances and is ready to cause harm (the chair may have a big knot on one leg). The active hazard is an armed hazard triggered into action (when the chair is stepped on the knot cannot support the additional load and the chair leg collapses, causing a fall.) Definition: Constructability is the optimum use of construction knowledge and experience in planning, design, and procurement and field operations to achieve the overall project objectives. The basis of constructability concept is that experienced construction personnel need to be involved with the project from the earliest stages to ensure that the construction focus and their experience can properly influence the owners, planners, and designers, as well as material suppliers. This does not necessarily mean that the design or project objectives should be changed to meet constructability only from a cost standpoint. Constructability should be used as a design consideration, so that optimum results provide the best of both worlds. Parsons approach to the Arabian Canal Project Infrastructure Design will emphasize constructability with various characteristics and be implemented as design progresses. Parsons Design and construction managers are committed to the cost effectiveness of the whole project. They recognize the high cost influence of early project decisions. Parsons managers use constructability as a major tool in meeting project objectives concerning quality, cost and schedules. Parsons managers bring construction aboard early. This means using experienced personnel who have a full understanding of how a project is planned and built. Parsons Designers are receptive to improving constructability. They think constructability, request construction input freely, and evaluate that input objectively. Early constructability efforts result in a significant payback to the project. Industry research has cited cost reductions of between 6 and 23 percent, benefit/cost ratios of up to 10:1, and large schedule reductions. The intangible benefits are as important as the quantitative benefits and must be recognized accordingly. These include; more accurate schedules, increased productivity, improved sequence of construction, enhanced quality, decreased maintenance, and a safer job. Parsons will provide input to the planning and design from the standpoint of project intent, constructability, safety, operation and maintenance. This will be accomplished through field reconnaissance with designers and reviews of design documents at various stages of development. Obtaining feedback from maintenance personnel at this point is very important, since they ultimately live with the finished product and are aware of previous construction deficiencies. The reviews will be scheduled during both the Conceptual Development and the Design phases. Principle Two: Establish a Standard of Constructability and Safe Design Constructability and Safety must be converted into a powerful design priority and overriding planning concern to be effective. It must rely primarily on the physical elimination of each construction obstacle and hazard, rather than upon human performance, which is variable and cannot be programmed, to avoid the obstacle or hazard. Through the evaluation and close scrutiny of each activity, task or phase of the construction process we are able to identify possible failure modes to identify hazardous conditions. A well-known tenet of safety engineering states Any hazard that has the potential for serious injury or death is always unreasonable and always unacceptable if reasonable design features and/or the use of safety appliances are available to prevent the hazard. The key to successful safety engineering is to identify and design out as many hazards as possible. When this tenet is applied as a design standard, it becomes a routine expectation to design out hazards, thus changing a dangerous facility, product or service into a safer one. The identification of construction obstacles and hazards is the basic building block to ensure for a safe construction and operation during the life cycle of the Arabian Canal Project Infrastructure. Often the same construction obstacle or hazard that has been causing injury, damage, or down time surfaces uncontrolled on multiple occasions. Falling loads due to two blocking were recurring hazards on construction sites for many years. This trend stopped when anti-two blocking devices were installed by manufacturers on all new cranes and retrofitted onto most cranes in the field. By relying on our past experiences, remembering backwards is not all that difficult to begin to control construction obstacles and hazards. Principle Three: Categorizing the Hazard Hazard Source The third step in hazard identification is to determine which of the following seven categories contains the source of the hazard: Hazard Source Natural Environment Structural/Mechanical Electrical Chemical Radiant Energy Biological Automated Systems Artificial Intelligence Now the hazard can be binned into a convenient box or boxes. Each of these boxes contains just a few examples that serve as a starting point for the Parsons Engineer to begin to focus on the nature of the hazard. These topics are meant to be a starting point to develop additional listings for failure modes. It is important to note that hazard categories may overlap or fall into one or more groups. It is common to encounter a hazard that contains simultaneous natural, mechanical, and chemical properties. In these cases, specific hazards should be broken down into as many individual properties as possible. Natural Environment The first box is our natural environment. The laws of gravity cannot be repealed, nor can the weather be programmed or the ocean drained. The following are a few hazard source possibilities that the Parsons Engineer must contend with in the natural environment. Natural Environment Gravity Falls same level Fall from elevation Falling objects Impact Acceleration Slopes Upset Rollover Sliding Unstable surfaces Water Floating Sinking Drowning Atmosphere Change in Altitude Humidity Wind Visibility (fog, etc.) Dust Temperature Limitations on Human Performance Structural/Mechanical Hazards The second box delineates mechanical hazards. As engineers we must consider their mechanical advantage, but also their possible danger. Structural/Mechanical Hazards Surfaces Lack of Traction Unstable Surfaces Tripping Incline Steps Ladders Lever Rotation Wheels Gears Pulley Screw Auger Cams

Financial Management Case Study-Payout: Gainesboro Essay

Corporate Goals Management expected the firm to grow at an average annual  compound rate of 15% and reach $2.0 billion in sales and $160 million in net income through 2011. Recent strategy of Gainesboro The company devoted a greater share of its research-and-development budget to CAD/CAM as to reestablish its leadership in the field. The company also underwent two massive restructurings, including selling two unprofitable lines of business, selling two plants, eliminating five leased facilities, and reducing personnel in 2002. Then, in 2004, the company implemented a second round of restructuring by altering its manufacturing strategy, refocusing its sales and marketing approach, and adopting administrative procedures for a further reduction in staff and facilities. The Artificial Workforce was an array of advanced control hardware, software, and applications that could distribute information throughout a plant. Thus a product could be designed, manufactured, and packaged solely by computer no matter how intricate it was. Although the company had successfully patented several of the processes used by the Artificial Workforce, there were two factors that could affect sales which shou ld be concerned. First, two strong competitors were developing comparable products and would probably introduce them within the next 12 months. Second, sales of molds, presses, and CAD/CAM equipment and software were highly cyclical, and predictions about the strength of the U.S. economy were not encouraging. II. The inferential process Cause the company goal is to change its revenue structure, which make CAD/CAM and peripheral cutting edge products generate 3/4 of the sales, and the traditional presses and mold would account for the remainder. Thus, we think that the company will definitely have to leave some money for the R&D design. On the other hand, expanding aggressively in the international arena and getting new product through M&A also need to prepare a lot of money. Base on the idea we got from the Microsoft readings, company had better keep some percentage of the cash for the operating expense in case there would have emergency need. The analysis of investors’ attribution From the Exhibit 4, we can see that the attributions of the investors are changing. As for the institutional investors, the growth-oriented investor drop from 13% to 6%, while the value-oriented investors raise from 8% to 13%. This gives us a cue that the institutional investors are gradually change from growth-oriented into value-oriented. Which means that now the institutional investors think that the Gainesboro Corporation is not a highly growth company. Instead, it’s a stable growth company .So the institutional investors will expect to have high dividends. As for the individual investors, the long-term investors drop from 37% to 26%, while the short-term investors increase from 5% to 13%. This shows that individual investors have a trend to sell the stock in a short  time and regardless the dividends. The suspicion of forecasting We hold doubt on the stated speculation of a 15% compound rate of growth due to manufacturing mishaps and missing components which delayed production growth, as well as start-up costs continued to penalize earnings. How much dividends did other companies pay? In general, investors could accept 20.8% payout ratio, and there is a trend that the ratio has been decreasing for decades (66.5% in 1978; 20.8% in 1999). So we think Gainesboro doesn’t need to pay 40% dividends. We can see that in CAD/CAM industry, PE ratio is so high because they are expected to be high-potential, so they need lots of capitals to reinvest, such as acquisition, R&D. As a result zero dividends-payout is acceptable and makes sense. So if Gainesboro wants to prove they are also high potential, they can make the same decision in order to keep money for their growth but they has to communicate with investors well to make them understand what they are going to do. III. Conclusion The percentage of firms paying cash dividends had dropped to 20.8% since 1999. In that case, perhaps the market would react favorably, if Gainesboro adopted a zero dividend-payout policy. In the meantime, we strongly recommend the firm buyback partial stocks so as to increase EPS and stock price. Send a signal to the market that managers are confident on company’s new development  and expansion. Regarding to numerous growing strategies of the firm, we prefer canceling dividend payout and save more capital to support all the new projects. Besides, we support to launch image advertising and name change program step by step, which is not necessary in 2005. The firm can periodically reveal new expansion policy and R&D progress, for building up a solid image that the firm is under a transformation with highly innovative speed. The branding campaign should be done before 2011 when growth projects finished. In 2005, the firm should keep maintaining revenue growth rate and optimize productions for sustainable growth.

Relationship between algae and tidepool chemistry

Relationship between algal cover and water chemistry in rockroses Mad Mukluks Mad Midair ABSTRACT Interstitial Rockford is one of the harshest environment in marine ecosystem. Most of the organisms living in it has to have adoptions to survive in harsh conditions, especially algal. A research was done to see if biotic factors such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, temperature and pH value could have a significant correlation with total percentage of algal cover. Initial hypothesis was dissolved oxygen and pH value are correlated to total algal cover.Each pool sample's water hammiest were measured and tested for 2 day period. The correlation between dissolved oxygen and algal cover is weak, proving that dissolved oxygen is not fairly important, where pH value has stronger correlation than the other chemical property tested. Most of the rockroses observed has high percentage cover of coralline algal. INTRODUCTION Rocky shore are coastal shores that are consists of hard substrates. It i s regarded as the most ecological part of the marine system (Library et al, 2012).Rocky shore has three zone; low, mid and high with variety of communities living on each interstitial matrix (Phenylalanine's, 2007). High interstitial zone has rockroses and go to several months without being replenished from the seawater (McAllen & Taylor, 2001). Interstitial Rockford have a relative stable environment where that has few changes in terms of physical conditions when the water reaches low tide (Kemp, 2009). Both McAllen & Taylor (2001) and Berkshire et al (1987) stated that rockroses undergoes many extreme physic-chemical conditions and few organisms are able to live in rockroses.These biotic factors have a significant influence in community dynamics and population (Theatrical, 2002). Thus, it has large abundance of specialized tax vying in rockroses, such as algae (Murals, 2013). The water chemistry of rockroses fluctuates rapidly when low tide, particularly oxygen concentration, pH v alue, temperature and salinity. Temperature and salinity is important for algae, whereas oxygen concentration and pH value is produced by algae. Oxygen is important to all living organism and the availability of oxygen in rockroses is low, which can lead to hypoxia to organisms living in it (Berkshire et al, 1987).However, high algal cover could increase the saturation level of oxygen in rockroses, but there is little research done on hyperemia on rockroses. Algae requires sunlight and carbon dioxide for photosynthesis, which in return produce more oxygen in rockroses. It will also produce hydrogen, which makes the Rockford more acidic. Temperature is also important, because the temperature in rockroses is relatively higher than normal seawater temperature. Increasing temperature could affect the algae in terms of physiology and actions of algae (Library et al, 2012).According to Kemp (2009), increasing water temperature can be caused by long exposure from sunlight and also the loca tion of Rockford. In a study done by Kemp at the coast of South Africa, he water temperature in rockroses were ranging from low ICC to high ICC during peak hours. Nowhere (1998) specified that sunlight has a tremendous effect on primary production in the aquatic system in rockroses. Salinity also can affect the water chemistry of rockroses.The changing level salinity of rockroses are varied according to location and geographically and it can be caused either by input from seawater during high tide, evaporation and terrestrial runoff or rainfall (Kemp, 2009). Ended et al (2014) showed that salinity has large role in terms of species richness in rockroses. The purpose of this study is to investigate if the total algal cover is being affected by the water chemistry in rockroses during low tide. The aim of this experiment is to observe the relationships between algal cover and water chemistry, especially dissolved oxygen concentration.I expected to see high level of oxygen saturation in rockroses due to photosynthesis. I also expecting high algal cover in alkaline rockroses. Since there is few fauna living in rockroses, I do not take them as measurement in this experiment because I more interested in functional algal group. From this, I deduced a hypothesis for this experiment. The hypothesis is percentage of algal cover is positively correlated with pH value and dissolved oxygen and negatively correlated with salinity and temperature.METHOD Location The study site was at Cape Palliates, southern most point in North Island and the experiment ran for three days, from February 1st to February 3rd 2014. Pool sample A transect line of 50 meter was laid out across the high rocky shore and began find suitable Rockford samples. I try to locate good pools sample with pool criteria of a depth of 1 CM, area around 2-mm and the presence of algal cover per pool. I assure depth of each pool by measuring the depth 3 times at different deepest point in the pool to obtain an aver age depth.The length of the pool is measured across by a measuring tape. A total of twelve pools that quite meet the measuring criteria similar were marked at high shore in a two day period. As a reference, one pool sample from lower rocky shore was marked and measured to compare water chemistry only. After pools were marked, a CACM x CACM quadrant were put on the pool, a Perspex glass layer with 25 random points were put on top of the quadrant. The quadrant is used to measure percentage of algal cover and functional algal cover y using point intercept method.Each pool sample has it chemical properties measured on the 2nd and 3rd of February Measurement of oxygen concentration Measurement of oxygen concentration was made by using a portable oxygen measurer that is measured twice, one when the water reached low tide and one an hour later for a maximum exposure from the environment. Measurement of salinity Measurement of Rockford salinity was made by using a refractors. The salinity w as measured twice, one when the water reached low tide and one an hour later for a maximum exposure from the environment. Measurement of temperatureThe temperature of the Rockford was measured by using a simple thermometer twice, one when the water reached low tide and one an hour later for a maximum exposure from the environment. Measurement of pH value The pH value of the Rockford is measured using a pH meter and measured twice, one when the water reached low tide and one an hour later for a maximum exposure from the environment. However, while measuring the chemical properties of Rockford, I discovered that 5 out the 12 pool sample has geographical problems, such as drainage, constant terrestrial runoff and shadowed that will alter findings.It was decided that problem pool samples was not counted, and 7 remaining sample is used for the experiment. Statistical analysis I used ASS Enterprise Guide 5. 1 to obtain the linear regression to see the relationship between algal cover with 4 water chemistry; percentage of dissolved oxygen, salinity, temperature and pH value. I also will use ASS to obtain the p-value of each correlation, regression (RE) and F ratio for each correlation. RESULTS Table 1 : measurement of water chemistry of pool sample at low tide after being exposed Pool sample pH value Temperature (co) salinity (US) Relationship between algae and tidepool chemistry Relationship between algal cover and water chemistry in rockroses Mad Mukluks Mad Midair ABSTRACT Interstitial Rockford is one of the harshest environment in marine ecosystem. Most of the organisms living in it has to have adoptions to survive in harsh conditions, especially algal. A research was done to see if biotic factors such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, temperature and pH value could have a significant correlation with total percentage of algal cover. Initial hypothesis was dissolved oxygen and pH value are correlated to total algal cover.Each pool sample's water hammiest were measured and tested for 2 day period. The correlation between dissolved oxygen and algal cover is weak, proving that dissolved oxygen is not fairly important, where pH value has stronger correlation than the other chemical property tested. Most of the rockroses observed has high percentage cover of coralline algal. INTRODUCTION Rocky shore are coastal shores that are consists of hard substrates. It i s regarded as the most ecological part of the marine system (Library et al, 2012).Rocky shore has three zone; low, mid and high with variety of communities living on each interstitial matrix (Phenylalanine's, 2007). High interstitial zone has rockroses and go to several months without being replenished from the seawater (McAllen & Taylor, 2001). Interstitial Rockford have a relative stable environment where that has few changes in terms of physical conditions when the water reaches low tide (Kemp, 2009). Both McAllen & Taylor (2001) and Berkshire et al (1987) stated that rockroses undergoes many extreme physic-chemical conditions and few organisms are able to live in rockroses.These biotic factors have a significant influence in community dynamics and population (Theatrical, 2002). Thus, it has large abundance of specialized tax vying in rockroses, such as algae (Murals, 2013). The water chemistry of rockroses fluctuates rapidly when low tide, particularly oxygen concentration, pH v alue, temperature and salinity. Temperature and salinity is important for algae, whereas oxygen concentration and pH value is produced by algae. Oxygen is important to all living organism and the availability of oxygen in rockroses is low, which can lead to hypoxia to organisms living in it (Berkshire et al, 1987).However, high algal cover could increase the saturation level of oxygen in rockroses, but there is little research done on hyperemia on rockroses. Algae requires sunlight and carbon dioxide for photosynthesis, which in return produce more oxygen in rockroses. It will also produce hydrogen, which makes the Rockford more acidic. Temperature is also important, because the temperature in rockroses is relatively higher than normal seawater temperature. Increasing temperature could affect the algae in terms of physiology and actions of algae (Library et al, 2012).According to Kemp (2009), increasing water temperature can be caused by long exposure from sunlight and also the loca tion of Rockford. In a study done by Kemp at the coast of South Africa, he water temperature in rockroses were ranging from low ICC to high ICC during peak hours. Nowhere (1998) specified that sunlight has a tremendous effect on primary production in the aquatic system in rockroses. Salinity also can affect the water chemistry of rockroses.The changing level salinity of rockroses are varied according to location and geographically and it can be caused either by input from seawater during high tide, evaporation and terrestrial runoff or rainfall (Kemp, 2009). Ended et al (2014) showed that salinity has large role in terms of species richness in rockroses. The purpose of this study is to investigate if the total algal cover is being affected by the water chemistry in rockroses during low tide. The aim of this experiment is to observe the relationships between algal cover and water chemistry, especially dissolved oxygen concentration.I expected to see high level of oxygen saturation in rockroses due to photosynthesis. I also expecting high algal cover in alkaline rockroses. Since there is few fauna living in rockroses, I do not take them as measurement in this experiment because I more interested in functional algal group. From this, I deduced a hypothesis for this experiment. The hypothesis is percentage of algal cover is positively correlated with pH value and dissolved oxygen and negatively correlated with salinity and temperature.METHOD Location The study site was at Cape Palliates, southern most point in North Island and the experiment ran for three days, from February 1st to February 3rd 2014. Pool sample A transect line of 50 meter was laid out across the high rocky shore and began find suitable Rockford samples. I try to locate good pools sample with pool criteria of a depth of 1 CM, area around 2-mm and the presence of algal cover per pool. I assure depth of each pool by measuring the depth 3 times at different deepest point in the pool to obtain an aver age depth.The length of the pool is measured across by a measuring tape. A total of twelve pools that quite meet the measuring criteria similar were marked at high shore in a two day period. As a reference, one pool sample from lower rocky shore was marked and measured to compare water chemistry only. After pools were marked, a CACM x CACM quadrant were put on the pool, a Perspex glass layer with 25 random points were put on top of the quadrant. The quadrant is used to measure percentage of algal cover and functional algal cover y using point intercept method.Each pool sample has it chemical properties measured on the 2nd and 3rd of February Measurement of oxygen concentration Measurement of oxygen concentration was made by using a portable oxygen measurer that is measured twice, one when the water reached low tide and one an hour later for a maximum exposure from the environment. Measurement of salinity Measurement of Rockford salinity was made by using a refractors. The salinity w as measured twice, one when the water reached low tide and one an hour later for a maximum exposure from the environment. Measurement of temperatureThe temperature of the Rockford was measured by using a simple thermometer twice, one when the water reached low tide and one an hour later for a maximum exposure from the environment. Measurement of pH value The pH value of the Rockford is measured using a pH meter and measured twice, one when the water reached low tide and one an hour later for a maximum exposure from the environment. However, while measuring the chemical properties of Rockford, I discovered that 5 out the 12 pool sample has geographical problems, such as drainage, constant terrestrial runoff and shadowed that will alter findings.It was decided that problem pool samples was not counted, and 7 remaining sample is used for the experiment. Statistical analysis I used ASS Enterprise Guide 5. 1 to obtain the linear regression to see the relationship between algal cover with 4 water chemistry; percentage of dissolved oxygen, salinity, temperature and pH value. I also will use ASS to obtain the p-value of each correlation, regression (RE) and F ratio for each correlation. RESULTS Table 1 : measurement of water chemistry of pool sample at low tide after being exposed Pool sample pH value Temperature (co) salinity (US)